Generate Parentheses

描述

Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:

"((()))", "(()())", "(())()", "()(())", "()()()"

分析

小括号串是一个递归结构,跟单链表、二叉树等递归结构一样,首先想到用递归。

一步步构造字符串。当左括号出现次数<n时,就可以放置新的左括号。当右括号出现次数小于左括号出现次数时,就可以放置新的右括号。

代码1

// Generate Parentheses
// 时间复杂度O(TODO),空间复杂度O(n)
public class Solution {
    public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        StringBuilder path = new StringBuilder();
        if (n > 0) generate(n, path, result, 0, 0);
        return result;
    }
    // l 表示 ( 出现的次数, r 表示 ) 出现的次数
    private static void generate(int n, StringBuilder path,
                                 List<String> result, int l, int r) {
        if (l == n) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(path);
            for (int i = 0; i < n - r; ++i) sb.append(')');
            result.add(sb.toString());
            return;
        }

        path.append('(');
        generate(n, path, result, l + 1, r);
        path.deleteCharAt(path.length() - 1);

        if (l > r) {
            path.append(')');
            generate(n, path, result, l, r + 1);
            path.deleteCharAt(path.length() - 1);
        }
    }
}

代码2

另一种递归写法,更加简洁。

// Generate Parentheses
// @author 连城 (http://weibo.com/lianchengzju)
public class Solution {
    public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        if (n == 0) return new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(""));
        if (n == 1) return new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("()"));
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            for (String inner : generateParenthesis (i))
                for (String outer : generateParenthesis (n - 1 - i))
                    result.add ("(" + inner + ")" + outer);

        return result;
    }
}

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